Interesting distinctions. Transhumanism wouldn't depend on science alone, I'd say, but on applied science in corporations. So Herbert's neofeudal, corporatist Dune scenario comes to mind. We can see this emerging in the practical worship of Apple and its gadgets. All-powerful corporations and their advertising departments might replace churches and state religions. Indeed, in Christendom the Catholic Church was already a proto-corporation. But it's interesting to ponder how a noble atheistic religion would work.