I think your point about cosmopolitanism is consistent with my criticisms of Arand's explanation, although it still leaves open the question of why cosmopolitanism took so long to happen in the US. I assume it's because it took time for a variety of people to immigrate to the "new world" and to fit in. In any case, it's as I said: America's unique geographical and historical circumstances will largely account for its odd religiosity and tribalism.

Still, I think Arand could reply that there's a broader kind of tribalism in the US that's based in the big cities, namely leftist wokeness. So nationally, the US has what I've called the cults of Wokeness and Trumpism.