I think it's plausible that similar divisions arise independently in earlier periods and perhaps even in Eastern philosophical traditions. There are rationalist and empiricist splits in ancient philosophy, too, so perhaps there's a spectrum of options that opens up whenever philosophy is widely practiced. One relevant ancient Greek split would be between Socratic authenticity and Sophistical rhetoric.

Kant's usually regarded as a transitional figure. Phenomenology comes from his transcendental turn, but does the analysis of concepts, so both sides of the later divide stem from his formulations that were meant to reconcile rationalism and empiricism.