But did the Neoplatonists regard their metaphysics as just a literary story, like any other artistic expression of unconscious desires and intuitions? On the contrary, Plato considered the Homeric myths to be noble lies for the masses, and he contrasted them with his more rational, abstract philosophy.

And I think Peterson's emphasis on hierarchies is taken rather straight from the crudest evolutionary psychology. It's a social Darwinian excuse for the worst conservative prejudices. If Peterson does draw on Neoplatonism, that's a rationalization or a pretext.